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Objective To investigate the expression of actin-associated protein Transgelin in pancreatic cancer with or without diabetes and its effects on migration and invasion in SW1990 cell line. Methods The expression of Transgelin in 92 pancreatic cancer tissue specimens (45 cases accompanied with diabetes) and adjacent tumor-free tissue specimens (over 5cm from the edge of the tumor) was detected by immunohistochemistry, and their association with clinical pathological characteristics were also analyzed. Transgelin siRNA was designed and transfected into pancreatic cancer cell line SW1990. The changes of migration and invasion before and after transfection were observed through Transwell test.Results The positive percentage of Transgelin expression in pancreatic cancer was 68.5 ％ (63/92), which was significantly higher than that of adjacent tumor-free tissues[33.7％ ( 31/92), P＜ 0.05]. The positive percentage of Transgelin expression in pancreatic cancer accompanied with diabetes was 84.4％ (38/45), which was significantly higher than that without diabetes[53.2％ (25/47), P＜0.05]. The expression of Transgelin in pancreatic cancer tissues was associated with lymph nodes metastasis and TNM staging (both P＜0.05), but not related with gender, age, site, differentiation and portal vein or nerve invasion (P＞0.05). After Transgelin was interfered for 48 hours, the migration ability was significantly lower (migration cell number 49.2 ±9.5 cells) than negative control group (61.9±7.5 cells) and blank group (65.3±10.6 cells) (both P＜0.05), and the invasion of SW 1990 cells (48.0 ± 8.6 cells) also significantly lower than negative control group (63.5±11.4 cells) and blank group (67.5±9.6 cells) (both P＜0. 05). Conclusion Transgelin may involve in the metastasis of pancreatic cancer accompanied with diabetes through promoting pancreatic cancer cell migration and invasion.
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Objective To investigate the expression of Bmi-1,Mdm2 and Ki-67 in extrahepatic biliary duct carcinoma and to evaluate their clinical significance. Methods The expression of Bmi-1.Mdm2 and Ki-67 was detected in 10 normal extrahepatic biliary duct tissue and 30 cases of extrahepatic billary duct carcinoma with immunohistochemic0al staining and the their clinical significance were analyzed. Results No POsitlVe Bmi-1 expression was found in 10 normal extrahepatie biliary duct cages, while 18 of 30 extrahepatic biliary duct carcinoma cases showed positive Bim-1 expression.The expression of Bmi-I in extrahepatic biliary duct carcinoma(60.0%)was statistically higher than that in normal extrahepatie biliary duct(P<0.05).The positive expression rate of Mdm2 in extrahepatic biliary duct carcinoma was significantly higher than that in normal extrahepatic biliary duct (56.7%vs 20.0%,P<0.05).The cases of extrahepatic biliary duct carcinoma with Ki-67 proliferation index higher than 5%reached 60.0%,while the Ki-67 index was all lower than 1%in 10 normal extrahepatic biliary duct tissue, suggesting the higher proliferating activity of extrahepatic biliary duct carcinoma.No differences were found in the expressions of Bmi-1,Mdm2 and Ki-67 among extrahepatic biliary duct carcinoma cases with different clinical pathological features. Conclusion The results indicate that the expression of Bmi-1 and Mdm2 up-regulation may play an important role in carcinogenesis of extrahepatic biliary duct caroinoma. No clinical significances of the expressions of Bmi-1,Mdm2 and Ki-67 are found in extrahepatic biliary duct carcinomas.
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Objective To investigate the elationship between the expression of Cathepsin D and Laminin receptors with the invasion and metastasis of gastric cancers.Methods Cathepsin D and Laminin receptors immunoreactivities were evaluated in 96 patients with gastric cancer using streptavaclin pemxidase method.Results Over expression of Cathepsin D in gastric cancer tissue was significantly related with the depth of invasion,lymphnode metastasis and grade of differentiation (P<0.01,P<0.01 and P<0.05, respectively).Moreover,the high expression of Lamninin receptors in gastric cancer had significant correlations with the invasion depth and grade of differentiation(P<0.05 and P<0.01);The positive expression of Laminin receptors were not significantly related with lymph node metastasis(P>0.05).By statistics analysis Cathepsin D had a significant positive correlation with Laminin receptors (P<0.05). Conclusion Cathepsin D and Laminin Receptors play all important role in the invasion and metastasis of gastric Cancers.
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Objective To study the expression of Livin and its relationship with Caspase-3, FHIT in skin squamous cell carcinoma. Methods lmmunohistochemical assay was used to detect the expression of Livin, Caspase-3 and FHIT in 48 cases of sSCC, 20 cases of chronic ulcer and 12 cases of normal skin tissues. Results The rate of positive expression of Livin in SCC tissues was significantly higher than that in the chronic ulcer tissues and normal skin tissues (P <0.01). The rate of positive expression of Caspase-3 and FHIT in SCC tissues was significantly lower than that in the chronic ulcer tissues and normal skin tissues (P < 0.01).The expression of Livin and Caspase-3 had relationship with the lymphatic metastasis and histologic differentiation of SCC(P <0.05). The expression of Livin and Caspase-3 had not relationship with age, sex, the sizes of SCC (P >0.05). There was negative significant correlation between the expression of Livin and the expression of Caspase-3, FHIT. Conclusion There may be relationship between the abnormal expression of Livin and Caspase-3, FHIT and the occurrence, progression of skin squamous cell carcinomas. They may become a new method for preservation and treatment skin of squamous cell carcinomas.
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Objective To study the clinicopathoiogic features of four cases of extranodal follicular dendritic cell sarcoma(FDCS). Methods Four cases of FDCS were examined by histological and immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization for Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-encoded RNA, and the related literatures were reviewed. Results Microscopically, the neoplastic cells were spindle-shaped or ovoid with pale-stained cytoplasm, indistinct cell borders, granular chromatin, distinct small nucleoli. There were varied growth patterns in the tumour, such as fascicular, circular whorls and storiform, and abundant with intermixed small lymphocytes. There scattered multinucleated giant cells and perivascular cuffing phenomenon. There were rare mitoses. The neoplastic cells were positive for one or more of the follicular dendritic markers such as CD21, CD23 and CD35. It was variably positive for CD68, Vimentin, LCA and S-100. Staining for CD20, CD3 and CD1α were negative. Ki-67 labeling ranged from 10 %-20 %. The neoplastic cells were negative for Epstein-Barrvirus (EBV)-encoded RNA. Conclusion FDCS is a rare low-grade malignant tumor with varied growth pattern. The diagnosis should be confirmed by immunohistochemical staining. It is important to recognize its morphological characteristics to avoid confusion with other similar lesions, such as gastrointestinal stromal tumour, inflammatory pseudotumor, interdigitaing dendtritic cell sarcoma, malignant histiocytoma, lymphoepithelial carcinoma, diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, and malignant melanoma.
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Objective To study the relationship between calcitonin gene related peptide(CGRP)and enhanced osteogencsis after brain injury by investigating the expression of CGRP in callas and the level of CGRP in serum of rats with brain injury and femoral fracture.Method The experiment was conducted in the Laboratory of Surgery,Affiliated Hospital of North Claim Coal Medical College.Totally 56 male Sprague-Dawley(SD)rats were divided randomly into 3 groups:fracture group(n=24),fracture with brain injury group(n=24)and normal control group(n=8).The parietal skull revealed,the bone windowwas opened,rats models of brain injury were established by falling freely,and rats models of fracture were established by cutting the right middle femur.The rats in normal control group were killed at the 21 days after operation,the rats in other two groups were killed at 7,14and 21 days after operation,respectively.The X-ray of femoral fracture was obtained,the CGRP concentration in serum was detected by mdioimmunoassay,and tissues at 5mm above and below the fracture were stained by HE and SP immtmohistochemistry to observe the expressions of CGRP and the fracture healing.The data were expressed as mean±SEM and ahalyzed with student't t test with SPSS,Results The serum levels of CGRP in fracture group were(91.58±28.67)ng/L,(102.46±27.95)ng/L,(86.54±24.13)ng/L at 7,14,21 days after operation,respectively,which were significantly higher than that in the control group.In fracture with brain injury group,the serum levels of CGRP(165.49±43.28)ng/L significantly increased at 7 days after operation,and compared with fracttwe group,there was significant difference.The serum levels of CGRP decreased at 14,21 days after operation,with 104.72±31.36)ng/L,(74.93±21.57)ng/L,respectively,and compared with fracture group,there was significant difference at 21 days.The mean optical density in callus of the fracture in brain injury group (0.496±0.108)were higher than that in the fracture group[(0.348±0.076)]at 7 days after operation(P＜0.01),but there were no significant difference on the 14 and 21 days.Conclusions CGRP may play a role in osteogenesis after brain injury.
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Objective To analyze and determine the clinical, molecular pathology and genetic features of a Chinese family with dystrophinopathy. Methods Clinical data of the proband and his family members were collected. Immunohistochemistry staining was performed on muscular biopsy tissues with antimerosin, emerin and the N, C and central rod domains of dystrophin. Genomic DNA was extracted using standard procedures from the peripheral blood leukocytes. Multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification (MLPA) was used to test Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) gene to determine the ways and sites of genetic mutation, and analyze the relationships between genotype and phenotype. Results Patients from this family were clinically diagnosed as muscular dystrophy, and they presented serious manifestations although the immunohistochemistry analysis for the proband exhibited partial loss of dystrophin staining, and positive expression with merosin and emerin. Further test with MLPA detected the loss of exons 45--54 in DMD gene in the proband, while his mother had heterozygositic loss in exons 45--54. Conclusions The losses of exons 45--54 in the proband are all derived from his mother, who carries genetic mutation with normal phenotype. He has been diagnosed as dystrophinopathy. At the same time, his partial loss of dystrophin is not parallel to the out-of-frame mutation of the gene and his severe clinical manifestations. Abnormal expression of dystrophin is the pathological basis for dystrophinopathy phenotype. Its clinical outcome depends not only on the degree of the protein expression, but also on the function of the sites where the DMD gene less occurs.
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Objective To investigate the distribution of the vesicular glutamate transporters (VGluTs), VGIuT1 and VGIuT2, in the spinal cord in multiple species, including rat, cat and monkey. Methods An immunohistochemical technique was used in the present study. Results VGluTs were observed in the gray matter of the spinal cord of rat, cat and monkey. VGluTl-immunoreactivity (VGluT1-IR) was most intense in the inner part of lamina Ⅱ(Ⅱi) and the medial parts of laminae Ⅲ-Ⅵ of the spinal dorsal horn; weak in lamina Ⅰ and outer part of lamina Ⅱ(Ⅱo); moderate in other parts in the rat and cat. The laminar distribution of VGluT1-IR in the spinal cord in the monkey is different from those in the rat and cat. The VGluT1-immunopositive product was intense in laminae Ⅰ, Ⅱi, Ⅲ and the medial parts of laminae Ⅳ-Ⅵ of the spinal dorsal horn; weak to absent in lamina Ⅱo and the lateral parts of laminae Ⅳ-Ⅵ of the dorsal horn. In the spinal anterior horn of monkey, the VGluT1-immunoreactive profiles were observed sparsely just in lamina Ⅸ, not in other laminae. At the same time, some scattered immunoreactive profiles were present in the white matter, particularly at the medial parts of the dorsal column in monkey, but not in rat and cat. On the other hand, VGluT2 immunoreactivity (VGluT2-IR) was moderately present throughout the gray matter, it was most dense in laminae Ⅰ-Ⅱ and Ⅹ, and weak in the medial parts of the deep spinal dorsal horn (laminae Ⅲ-Ⅵ) in the three species. The VGluT2-immunopositive product was very sparse in the lateral parts of the deep spinal dorsal horn of the monkey. In the lateral spinal nuclei of the rat, moderate VGluT2-immunopositive product could be seen, but not in the cat and monkey. In three species, both VGluT1- and VGluT2-IR showed a punctuate distribution. Conclusion The present results indicated that VGluT1 and VGluT2 were expressed in the spinal cord in all species examined but differentially distributed in a species-specific manner, and they might play an important role in the activities of the excitatory neurons in the spinal cord of rat, cat and monkey.